Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. 106 Divorce Statistics You Can't Ignore: 2023 Divorce Rates and Impact Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. Child Support Statistics and Trends - FindLaw This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. My wife has confessed that when she first learned I was a single dad she automatically presumed that mum had died! , This section looks at all offence types. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. For both young males and young females in the matched cohort, those who were sentenced to custody for 12 months or less had the lowest proportion attaining 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G. Figure 7.08 shows that across most disposal types, a greater proportion of young females attained this level than young males. Males were significantly more likely to fall victim to violence and robbery compared to females, with a significant increase in male robbery victims since 2017/18. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. This proportion was slightly less for females (83%), than for males (85%). Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. Are the courts gender biased in custody cases? In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). The most disturbing though, 27% of fathers have no contact with their children. According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). In 2019, over half (55%) of the prosecutions for female defendants were for summary non-motoring offences, compared to under a third (29%) of male defendants. , Where sex is known. In 2019, 86% of female offenders were sentenced to a fine with an average fine of 230, compared to 72% of male offenders with an average fine of 302. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Single fathers: UK statistics | Office for National Statistics | The As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. Figure 7.08: Adult reoffending rate by age group and sex, April 2017 to March 2018 offender cohort, England and Wales. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. In 2019, 15% of males and 17% females elected to be tried at the Crown Court. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. For both sexes, the child custody rate has remained broadly stable since 2015, at 8% for males and 2% for females. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. This chapter looks at the interaction between sex and other key characteristics throughout the Criminal Justice System including, ethnicity, age, offending history, and reoffending. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. Gender roles highlight gender bias in judicial decisions , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. Male children reported a significantly higher proportion of being a victim of a CSEW crime at 9.0%, compared to 4.0% of females[footnote 7][footnote 8]. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence, covering police stations, prisons, and the courts. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. , Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. , Figures from this paragraph are sourced from the data underpinning the Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020 bulletin. , Individuals self-harming rates are derived by 1,000 x (number of individual in year)/(average monthly population for year). Drunk and disorderly accounted for the highest proportion of PNDs issued for both males and females in 2019. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). Youth custody report for October 2015 published. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. Findings from a recent data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in Year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 91][footnote 92]. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. Compared to males, a significantly higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. Youth custody report for July 2016 published. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. Are the Family Courts Really Biased Towards Women? Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. , PSRs provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. , Individuals with known sex. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line (Michon, 2021) . Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). Report and data for March 2018 published. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. Youth custody report for November 2015 published. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. We invited our Salt Lake City child custody attorney from the Emy A Cordano, Attorney At Law to . These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Figure 8.03: Indictable offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. Data on PSRs relates to those aged 18 or older and all offence types. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). In 2019, females made up 17% of offenders issued community orders and 14% of suspended sentence orders (with requirements). In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. These reports may include a full risk assessment of the offender. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). Although we explore differences between sexes, it is important that inferences are not made about individuals from group-level data since we consider averaged outcomes that do not take into consideration the unique sub-set of circumstances in each case. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: