Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was Civil War Camp Maryland Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . Parole camp - Wikipedia WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. Duncan, Richard Ray. In Western Maryland, Lees efforts came to head with the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War at Antietam. 62-65. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. Civil War He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. The earthworks were removed by 1869. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. 6306239). Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. civil War original matches. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. See discussion and tabulation on pp. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. Yes No An official form of the United States government. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. This is a PowerPoint presentation. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. Maryland in the American Civil War - Wikipedia MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Throughout the War units [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. [16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. 69-70. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. And then theres that Chambersburg thing. His grandson didnt want to talk about it. WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. Salisbury University, 1991). It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within Blockhouse Point Conservation Park. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. [53] Prisoner of War Camps The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union.