With the support of Haiti, he returned to his native Venezuela to attempt to free it. The term Latin America is used to describe the areas of the Americas where languages that developed from Latin are spoken, namely Spanish, Portuguese, and French. Fig 1 - Map showing the years of independence of nations in Latin America (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latin_American_independence_countries.PNG) by Ricardomarins29 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ricardomarins29) licensed under CC-BY-SA-3.0-migrated (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CC-BY-SA-3.0-migrated). The Haitian and Mexican revolutions are moderately similar in that they fought for independence with multiple leaders, slavery was abolished in both; however, Haiti experienced debt and Mexico resulted in little social change. This caused resentment within the privileged classes. While most of the newly independent nation states of Central and South America adopted constitutions and forms of representative government as well as adopted reforms for racial equality, the independence wars also highlighted challenges that continued long afterwards. Which two statements describe outcomes of the Latin American revolutions? By Staff Writer Last Updated March 31, 2020. In 1806 a British expeditionary force captured Buenos Aires. In the Latin American Revolution, nearly all the Spanish colonies, as well as the Portuguese colony of Brazil and the French colony of Haiti, fought for and achieved their independence. The Haitian Revolution, a bloody but successful uprising of enslaved people against their French colonial enslavers (17911804), terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them from a similar uprising. . Causes of the Latin American Revolution. He at first reasserted himself as an absolute monarch. Revolutionary leaders established new countries that only sometimes lived up to promises of democratic rule. The Political Effects of the American Revolutionary War - TheCollector It also prompted the declaration of the Republic of Colombia (commonly referred to today as Gran Colombia) as a union of the modern-day countries of Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecaudor, and Panama. Select the country that gained its independence from Portugal. During 180810 juntas emerged to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII. brazil. However, in 1821, he decided to support independence in reaction to a liberal constitution adopted in Spain. The Latin American Revolution and the French Revolution happened in different times. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Both revolutions followed the anatomy of a revolution and had comparable causes, however the French Revolution politically better outcomes, whereas the Latin American Revolution resulted in poverty and lost territory. Match the revolutionary leaders with their goals or achievements. There are two main Latin American revolution causes: the impact of the French Revolution and resentment at the political structure of colonial rule. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. By that time, Spain was between a rock and a hard place: The creoles clamored for positions of influence in the colonial bureaucracy and for freer trade. Spain granted neither, which caused great resentment and helped lead to independence. Revolution and Reaction in Central America - Latin American Studies Consequently, the forces under San Martn managed only a shaky hold on Lima and the coast. Venezuelas Declaration of Independence in 1810, Chile's Independence Day: September 18, 1810, What Is Imperialism? The independence of Latin America from Spain was a foregone conclusion as soon as the creoles began thinking of themselves as Americans and the Spaniards as something different from them. The United States intervened in the war after the destruction of the USS Maine battleship in Havana Harbor by what, at the time, was believed to be a Spanish mine. Occurrences in Europe in the early 19th century created a deep political divide between Spain and its American colonies. Latin America was arguably one of the most "revolutionary" regions of the world in the twentieth century. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Definition and Historical Perspective, The 10 Most Important Events in the History of Latin America, What Is Latin America? Unable to preserve any sort of monopoly on trade, the Spanish crown was forced to loosen the restrictions on its colonies commerce. By 1826, nearly all the Spanish colonies of the Americas had achieved independence. Not all of these governments lasted very long; loyalist troops quickly put down Creole-dominated juntas in La Paz and Quito. 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United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, which included most of modern-day Argentina and Uruguay. It was also the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, only doing so in 1888. Examine the way Americans in the United States used the Latin American Revolutions to understand general principles of liberty, equality and democracy (viewed and fit into their narrative of democratic progress). encompasses most of Central and South America and parts of the Caribbean. By late 1822, he was facing rebellion from republican opposition. Distinct interests and long-standing resentment of the viceregal capital led different regions in the south to pursue separate destinies. Chile declared itself an independent republic in February 1818. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. But the colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain, and at rates advantageous for Spanish merchants. Its implementation of Enlightenment ideas inspired them, and the French occupation of Spain and Portugal led to self-government in the colonies. Sociedad colonial y sublevaciones populares: Tupac Amaru II-1780. La rebelin de Tupac Amaru y los orgenes de la emancipacin Americana. These contributions broadened the analysis, incorporating more theoretical and comparative approaches. The American President, James Monroe, however supported these new nations and independence movements and warned . They drafted the Plan of Iguala. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. 12, 2021, thoughtco.com/latin-america-causes-of-independence-2136120. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. The royalists received important reinforcements from Lima in early January. The independence of Latin America from Spain was a foregone conclusion as soon as the creoles began thinking of themselves as Americans and the Spaniards as something different from them. But just who were the Creoles? It also recognized the colonies' independence and drew lines between British Canada and American territory. In addition, revolts inspired by Tupac Amaru took place in what became Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. This will have severe consequences for the masses of Bolivia. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on Having benefited from colonial monopolies and fearful of the kind of social violence that the late 18th-century revolt had threatened, many Peruvian Creoles were not anxious to break with Spain. In Brazil, independence was led by elites similar to what occurred in the Spanish colonies, but in Haiti, it was led by slaves, who successfully established the first republic led by people of African descent. By 1826, nearly all the Spanish colonies of the Americas had achieved independence. Latin American Revolutions - Historyplex 3 main causes of the Latin American revolution were the resentment by Creoles of being denied access to political power, the spread of Enlightenment ideas, and the impact of the French Revolution. Experiments in self-government during the French occupation of Spain by Napoleon prompted moves for full independence. Fig 2 - Latin American Revolution timeline. Interesting Facts. The Roman Catholic Church would retain its privileges, The Latin American Revolutions causes included the division between Creoles and. Below them were the Creoles, or criollos in Spanish. He led an army that conquered some areas of south and central Mexico but failed to take Mexico City before he was captured and executed. In 1810, juntas claiming to be acting in Fernando's name were established, most notably in Santa F de Bogot and Caracas. Economic inequality and land ownership often went hand in hand with racial hierarchy. Agustn de Juregui, virrey del Per. One of the more major causes of the American Revolution, the Intolerable Acts were . These differences were cultural and often a source of great pride among Creole families and regions. He then joined with Bolvar to defeat royalist forces in Peru. Central authority proved unstable in the capital city of Buenos Aires. What were the 3 main causes of the Latin American revolution? One of the primary effects of the war was economic collapse in the former colonies. this page. While he was able to carve out a liberated zone in southern Venezuela, he repeatedly failed to capture the capital of Caracas. Language . In conclusion, the Latin American Revolutions achieved independence but left complicated legacies and created dynamics that still influence events in the region today. The best synthesis of the Katarista uprisings in Charcas (what became Bolivia) and the Tupac Amaru rebellion. However, after Fernando returned to the throne in 1813, this experiment in self-government and desire to continue it pushed the colonies to demand and fight for full independence. How did Napoleon cause revolutions in Latin America? - Answers Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. However, the revolutions had less positive impacts. Tensions between more liberal and more conservative political factions continued for much of the next century, culminating in the Mexican Revolution of 1910. They range from the all-out assault on the authority of the Cuban Revolution to the bickering of Colombia's Thousand Day War, but they all reflect the passion and idealism of the people of Latin America. In places like Argentina, colonies "sort of" declared independence, claiming they would only rule themselves until such time as Charles IV or his son Ferdinand was put back on the Spanish throne. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. 5.6: The Consequences of the American Revolution A person's status in society could be determined by how many 64ths of Spanish heritage one had. The immediate effect of that concession was to send the Portuguese ruler, Prince Regent John, fleeing in British ships to Brazil. They form a dialogue with works on the Katarista uprisings in Upper Peru or what became Bolivia. In the process he set off a political crisis that swept across both Spain and its possessions. Q. Revolutions in Latin America were influenced by. Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. Even after the defeat of Napoleon, the king had stayed in Brazil. answer choices. In order to better understand this decade-long civil war, we offer an overview of the main players on the competing sides, primary source materials for point of view analysis, discussion of how the arts reflected . However, by the late 1700s, the creole population made up most of the wealthy landowners and merchants in the colonies. A slave revolt began in 1791 and eventually morphed into a full-fledged-struggle for independence. - now that trade was not restricted to the mother country, the US and Great Britain became two new countries major trading partners, - Latin America mainly exported cash crops, - inbounds blue Latin American countries took out large loans. This radical shift in power was undoubtedly influential in inspiring the Latin American Revolutions' causes. Final destruction of loyalist resistance in the highlands required the entrance of northern armies. Simn Bolivar - Accomplishments, Facts & Death - Biography What were 2 ways the French Revolution impacted the Latin American Revolutions? The Last Inca Revolt, 17801783. . Caught between the loyalism of Spanish officers and the imperialist intentions of Buenos Aires and Portuguese Brazil, the regional leader Jos Gervasio Artigas formed an army of thousands of gauchos. Tupac Amaru returned from the Lake Titicaca in late 1780 to lay siege to the city of Cuzco, Perus second-largest city and still considered the by many to be the Inca capital. Although he surrounded Cuzco with tens of thousands of troops, the rebels could not take the city. The effort only served to harden the position of Creole rebels. By the time Bolvars armies finally completed the liberation of Upper Peru (then renamed in the Liberators honour), the region had long since separated itself from Buenos Aires. Others did not suffer during the second half of the 18th century; indeed, the gradual loosening of trade restrictions actually benefited some Creoles in Venezuela and certain areas that had moved from the periphery to the centre during the late colonial era. Minster, Christopher. The short-term effects of the American Revolution included a recession in the former colonies and a number of international revolutions. Flores Galindo, Alberto, ed. The revolutionary hero Simon Bolivar is a good example, as he was born in Caracas to a well-to-do Creole family that had lived in Venezuela for four generations, but as a rule, did not intermarry with the locals. Many revolutions took years to accomplish. By siding with France, Spain pitted itself against England, the dominant sea power of the period, which used its naval forces to reduce and eventually cut communications between Spain and the Americas. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 375 pages. The war followed more than a decade of growing estrangement between the British crown and a large and influential segment of its North . A Conservative Revolution: Brazil's Leadership Seeks Sovereignty. Lewin, Boleslao. Contemporary Indigenous Film and Video Production, Contemporary Indigenous Social and Political Thought, Dependency Theory in Latin American History, Development of Architecture in New Spain, 15001810, The, Development of Painting in Peru, 15201820, The, Dutch in South America and the Caribbean, The. Internal political divisions between liberal and conservative and centralist and federalists political factions. Iturbide ultimately was forced to abdicate and was later executed after attempting to return to power. It provided money, arms, and soldiers for his return to Venezuela in 1816. In alliance with Chilean patriots under the command of Bernardo OHiggins, San Martns army restored independence to a region whose highly factionalized junta had been defeated by royalists in 1814. Although shielding itself with a pretense of loyalty to Ferdinand, the junta produced by that session marked the end of Spanish rule in Buenos Aires and its hinterland.
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