The stiff midribs of coconut leaves are used for making brooms in India, Indonesia (sapu lidi), Malaysia, the Maldives, and the Philippines (walis tingting). [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. What are the economic importance of coconut? - Answers World Coconut Economy: Sectoral Issues, Markets and Trade They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. What's the economic importance of Makapuno coconut - Google Groups Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports the top producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, and India. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. What's the economic importance of Makapuno coconut Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. [91][85] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. [48][51][57] During the colonial era, Pacific coconuts were further introduced to Mexico from the Spanish East Indies via the Manila galleons. On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. [164] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as -decalactone in the food and fragrance industries. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. [28] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. It is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Be notified when an answer is posted. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. These two forms are referred to by the Samoan terms niu kafa for the elongated wild coconuts, and niu vai for the rounded domesticated Pacific coconuts. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. In Florida, wild populations of coconut palms extend up the East Coast from Key West to Jupiter Inlet, and up the West Coast from Marco Island to Sarasota. econom y of Sri Lanka. ; Muralidharan, K.; Parthasarathy, V.A. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). A study in 2008 showed that the coconuts in the Americas are genetically closest related to coconuts in the Philippines, and not to any other nearby coconut populations (including Polynesia). The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. Required fields are marked *. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. The researchers concluded that it was brought by early Austronesian sailors to the Americas from at least 2,250 BP, and may be proof of pre-Columbian contact between Austronesian cultures and South American cultures. It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. Updates? [179] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. [25] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. [147][148], Coconut vinegar, made from fermented coconut water or sap, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as sukang tuba), as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka, especially Goan cuisine. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. The fragments are dated to approximately 1000BCE, suggesting that cultivation and artificial selection of coconuts were already practiced by the Austronesian Lapita people. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. What Coconut Symbolizes? - Sweetish Hill Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. It is governed by a single recessive gene (there are studies to this effect) and . This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. Self Magazine. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. According to figures published in December 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it is the world's second largest producer of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. In comparison, mature coconuts with the husk intact can be stored for three to five months at normal room temperature . Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. Linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence all point to the early domestication of Pacific coconuts by the Austronesian peoples in maritime Southeast Asia during the Austronesian expansion (c.3000 to 1500BCE). Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. The distribution of the Pacific coconuts correspond to the regions settled by Austronesian voyagers indicating that its spread was largely the result of human introductions. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. [150] Its chronic consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by raising total blood cholesterol levels through elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol and lauric acid. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Numerous other dwarf cultivars also developed as the initial dwarf cultivar was introduced to other regions and hybridized with various tall cultivars. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. [73], The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and Batrachedra spp. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". [76], Coconut palms are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. [49][50], Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. Do you know 80 million poor people depend directly on coconut for their livelihood in 90 countries? Copra prices went down and plantations were neglected or under-planted with other crops. Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. nuciferae. A recently discovered palm, Beccariophoenix alfredii from Madagascar, is nearly identical to the coconut, more so than the queen palm and can also be grown in slightly cooler climates than the coconut palm. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. Economic importance of coconut fruit. Benefits of Coconut Fruit: Why They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. From fermented today alcohol is prepared. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. [18][19][20] It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Add an answer. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. The husks can be used as flotation devices. See also Can Raw Coconut Cause Stomach Pain? Future Fibres: Coir - Food and Agriculture Organization A cloudy white liquid, it has a particularly sharp, acidic taste with a slightly yeasty note.[149]. The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. The Philippines and Indonesia lead in copra production, and throughout the South Pacific copra is one of the most important export products. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Coconut | Description, Uses, & Facts | Britannica It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. (1993). In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil could also help reduce acne. [108] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. the coconut indu stry of g reat economic imp orta nce. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). [18][19][20], A full-sized coconut fruit weighs about 1.4 kilograms (3pounds 1ounce). The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. [74], Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle) feeds on young leaves, and damages both seedlings and mature coconut palms. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. Male flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, staminate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and pistillodes are present. Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. (2009). Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. THE COCONUT INDUSTRY REVOLUTIONISES - Guyana Chronicle It is most strikingly displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors at around 2000 to 1500 BP. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. Based on color and size, younger coconuts tend to be smaller and have brighter colors, while more mature coconuts have browner colors and are larger. [52][53] Other evidence for a Central Indo-Pacific origin is the native range of the coconut crab; and the higher amounts of C. nucifera-specific insect pests in the region (90%) in comparison to the Americas (20%), and Africa (4%). [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Consumers feel that fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the healthiest formats available for processed fruits and vegetables, which has allowed the fresh-cut category to prosper. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. It is known as a bunot in the Philippines and simply a "coconut brush" in Jamaica. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. Coconut production in the Philippines - Wikipedia Because of its properties that reduce appetite and boost metabolism, coconut oil can help in losing fat in the long term. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. Which Is Healthier Refined Or Unrefined Coconut Oil? [145] They can also be processed to extract palm sugar. nana) varieties. (eds.). The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. (2008). A hard shell encloses the insignificant embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Frison, E.A. Economic aspects of Coconut Lethal Yellowing in Jamaica However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff.