Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. Source: BLS. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. Engineers used anemometers to measure airflow within mines. Boy's: Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Compares average retail prices for grocery items in independent stores and in chain stores. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Under other circumstances, mine tops fell without warning. Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. Musical instruments: Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of staple foodstuffs in Madrid, Spain. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Prices are shown in German marks. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Table shows average 1929 and 1931 weekly wages of full-time store employees, managers, and supervisors by kind and size of chain and location. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (April 1931). The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Source: Source: Canada Department of Labor report. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. Arthur Lewis. Miners waiting to start their shift at the Virginia-Pochahontas Coal Company mine near Richland, Virginia, in 1974. See "Blood donation" in. In West Virginias colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Source: BLS. Source: This source is entirely about compensation of state and local government employees in New York. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. Wages on pages34-40. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Shows price list of one California retailer. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Coal operators often provided services like company stores. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Source: Federal Power Commission. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. $180 - $5k. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. MERCHANDISE Average earnings by occupation and districts. An open flame provided the only light, and the cloth cap barely kept lamp soot away. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. Shows prices by month and year. Shows the average daily wages Greek workers were receiving in metal mines, lignite mines, smelting and refining plants, and quarries. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1975: Miners set for 35 per cent pay rises Shows average charge per case for appendicitis, childbirth, heart troubles, cancer, dental problems and more. Details the price of various building materials on pp. Handkerchiefs, slippers, watches, umbrellas, hair brushes and combs, Christmas decorations. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. This source lists actual salaries paid to administrators in various lines of business. Kanawha County coal seams were relatively thick, so men could often stand or just bend slightly, but some coal cutters had to work bent over all day in low coal. After sorting out the slate fragments and loading the car, the miner attached his brass check to the side of the car and pushed it out into the main tunnel, where mules or a small locomotive pulled the load out of the mine to the weigh station and then to the tipple, where the coal would be prepared and funneled into railroad cars. The coal industry required more labor than southern West Virginia could supply. Telephones, radios, cameras, kitchen ranges, home electric appliances, record players, music records, sewing machines, fabrics, clothes washers, laundry supplies, vacuum sweepers. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. The miners world was dark and dangerous. The union was very important to miners. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. 365-372. Teacher salaries for. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Survey covered only white families over a certain. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. April 26, 1942. Source: American Druggist, January 1923 issue. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Report published in 1923 gives wages for Arkansas women by occupation and race. by RACE Bedroom: Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. 294-295. Nothing was the answer, nothing but the miserable life he and his family endured living inrented shanties hard on the railroad tracks. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. View object record Steam whistle With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. The deep imagery of coal mining in the 1970s shows a lifestyle - Medium Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Source: BLS. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. 8836. At dawn, the workers reported to the payroll clerk in the company office, where they were handed numbered brass checks to attach to each coal car they loaded. Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Priced by the single unit. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Source: BLS. Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Inside workers are further classified as (1) miners and laborers who cut and load coal onto conveyors or into mine cars, and (2) all other employees whose occupations relate to transportation, timbering, pumping, ventilation, and other general underground work. 514. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. As former miner Gary Bentley of Kentucky remarked in a recent New York Times article, Its not going to make a comeback. Shows the average daily wages of Japanese and Chinese workers in various occupations for the South Manchuria Railway Co. Wages are shown in both contemporary yen and US dollars. Report published in 1925 mainly covers wages in manufacturing industries. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Article compares the cost of renting versus buying a home in 1928. Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. 613. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety.