Just that morning, a court officer had confiscated a juror's copy of The New York Post with the case on the cover. Nosotros _____ (ir) a la playa. tendency. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. This comment is an example of: Describing positive behaviors by an ingroup member in terms of his or her general disposition, but describing the same behavior by an outgroup member as a specific, isolated act reflects: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, iGCSE PE 10.1 Leisure and Recreation / The Gr. Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? Ingroup bias, or ingroup favoritism, is a bias in which people tend to favor people who exist in similar groups as them. Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Psychology questions and answers. Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). b. the just-world phenomenon. Social Psychology Ch 9 (Prejudice) Flashcards | Quizlet Manson, J. H. (2020). (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. d. Catharsis. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. . For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . c. Conflict Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. Sherif planned a disruption of the water supply in a Boy Scout camp in order to observe how social relationships are influenced by, Pablo and Sabina argued bitterly about which of them should have use of the family car that night. Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill? d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Receives a utility bill on July 2 totaling $4,560 for services received during June. C) selective perception. Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Ethnocentrism. (2004). What Is Outgroup Bias? | Definition & Examples where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered. Ingroup favoritismthe tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in other groupsis well documented, but the mechanisms driving this behavior are not well understood. Common stereotypes of people from all sorts of categories and occupations turn out to classify them along these two dimensions (see Figure 1). Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Impact. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. What was the highest marginal tax rate for married taxpayers in 1970? For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we also like the groups in which we are members. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). c. cognitive dissonance. Carl Rogers's Actualizing Tendency: Your Ultimate Guide The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. According to Lyons et al. just-world phenomenon Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. swissworld: saisons 6. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: c. frontal lobes This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). Log in Join. Expert Answer. Groupthink: . View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. What ethnocentrism.d. NIMBY | Meaning, Examples, & Facts | Britannica own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". 0 . A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. Psychology CH 16 Flashcards | Chegg.com (1974). b. hypothalamus What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. social class, family, football team etc.) Around nine-in-ten Americans favor some form of marijuana legalization, according to an April 2021 Pew Research Center survey.An overwhelming majority of U.S. adults (91%) say either that marijuana should be legal for medical and recreational use (60%) or that it should be legal for medical use only (31%).Just 8% say the drug should not be legal in any form. One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." b. implicit prejudice. For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. a. more; less People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. d. vivid cases. Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. This best illustrates. Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). Although research has shown that people higher in SDO are more likely to be politically conservative, there are other traits that more strongly predict ones SDO. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that. 6 facts about Americans and marijuana | Pew Research Center Historical examples abound. that most people like women more than men. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero On April 30, 2016, the petty cash fund contained vouchers totaling$171.40 plus $26.10 of currency. Whenever this person encounters a person that is both left-handed and creative, they place greater . This phenomenon is known as ________. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. c. outgroup bias. c. deindividuation. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Devine, P. G. (1989). NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. Most people also identify as members of certain groups but not others. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. Ch. 12 Key Terms - Psychology 2e | OpenStax Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. Prejudice. A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. . the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. b. less; more Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. b. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. Duverger's law - Wikipedia other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. b. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. : Men are more intelligent. A) mirror-image perceptions. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. Fundamental Attribution Error - Simply Psychology hide 31 types. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. Unfortunately, even when some countries have created legal protections, they thought that equality applied to only select groups. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others.